Megastructure

 In low seismic regions, a valid design approach is to enable bridge structures to resist the limited seismic forces by elastic deformation without damage to structural components . 

When the quasi-isolated bridge is subjected to strong ground motions, damage and failure of the fuse-like sacrificial connections are expected to limit the superstructure inertia force that can be transferred down to substructures and foundations, dissipate seismic energy, and elongate structural periods, thereby protecting bridge substructures and foundations from severe damage and failure.

 It is shown that GBT constitutes a viable alternative to more sophisticated models (e.g., shell finite element ones) in unveiling the behaviour of this complex real-life thin-walled member problem. Aluminum and iron constitute the two most commonly detected cations.

Based on the research of the previous study, we can know that the theoretical calculation and a few of finite element analysis were conducted to consider the influence of dynamic load. We also conducted aftershock and microtremor observations by the temporally-installed stations to understand extension of the area whose subsurface layer characteristics are similar with that at the ISK005 station. Using both the actual damage data and estimated spatial distribution of seismic intensity, this study conducts the statistical analysis on the relationship between the damage ratio of expressway embankment and seismic intensity.

Finally, the correction coefficients of design index for highway asphalt pavement were proposed to consider the influence of impact load. Applying a traditional Kuroshio front index of temperature at 200 m depth, the capability of new Chl-a threshold in dividing two waters around the near-front area is quantitatively examined. Applying a traditional Kuroshio front index of temperature at 200 m depth.

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Examples verbs     name       year     Since Yao (1972) firstly proposed/claimed/believed the concept of structural vibration control, a series of energy dissipation mechanical devices and dampers, collectively known as the structural protecting system, have been developed. MYDs, proposed by Kelly (1972) were initially introduced as passive control devices in structural engineering. Silva (2004) proposed a total probability formula in the frequency domain to calculate the dynamic response of a highway bridge. In this regard, the classic continuum model for the linear vertical vibration of suspension bridges, based on the so called linearized deflection theory, was first proposed by Bleich et al . (1950) , and Steinman (1935) , who derived some formulas for computing natural frequencies and mode shapes, and recently reviewed by Luco and Turmo (2010 ) .